TREC Standards
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THE FOLLOWING STANDARDS OF PRACTICE HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED BY THE STATE OF TEXAS AND THE TEXAS REAL ESTATE
COMMISSION FOR INSPECTORS LICENSED IN TEXAS Call us for all your
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Texas Real Estate Commission
General Provisions
R. Licensed Real Estate Inspectors
535.227-535.233
The Texas
Real Estate Commission (TREC) proposes new rules §§535.227-535.233, concerning inspector standards of practice.
The ew rules are proposed in conjunction with the Real Estate Inspector Committee's comprehensive review and recommendation
regarding inspector standards of practice. The proposed new rules divide the standards of practice for inspectors into
seven sections by providing two additional sections and contain a number of substantive changes recommended by the Texas Real
Estate Inspector Committee, an advisory committee of six professional inspectors and three public members appointed
by TREC.
Generally, the proposed new sections rearrange the current standards of practice, listing the systems,
components, and items in a home which the inspector must include in an inspection unless the inspector’s client agrees
to limit the scope of the inspection.
New §535.227 addresses general provisions which include definitions,
the scope, and the departure provisions of an inspection. New §535.228 addresses minimum inspection requirements for
structural systems. New §535.229 addresses minimum inspection requirements for electrical systems. New §535.230
address minimum inspection requirements for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems. New §535.231 addresses
minimum inspection requirements for plumbing systems. New §535.232 addresses minimum inspection requirements for appliances.
New §535.233 addresses minimum inspection requirements for optional systems.
Devon V. Bijansky, Assistant
General Counsel, has determined that for the first five-year period the sections are in effect there will be no fiscal implications
for the state or for units of local government as a result of enforcing or administering the sections. There is no anticipated
impact on small businesses, micro-businesses or local or state employment as a result of implementing the sections.
Ms. Bijansky also has determined that for each year of the first five years the sections as proposed are in effect the public
benefit anticipated as a result of enforcing the new rules will be increased clarity for inspectors and consumers alike, as
well as standards that more accurately reflect current technology, codes, and practices that form the basis of many
of the standards. There is no anticipated economic cost to persons who are required to comply with the proposed new rules.
Comments on the proposed rules may be submitted to Devon V. Bijansky, Assistant General Counsel, Texas Real Estate
Commission, P.O. Box 12188, Austin, Texas 78711-2188.
The new rules are proposed under Texas Occupations
Code, §1101.151, which authorizes the Texas Real Estate Commission to make and enforce all rules and regulations necessary
for the performance of its duties and to establish standards of conduct and ethics for its licensees in keeping with
the purpose and intent of the Act to ensure compliance with the provisions of the Act.
The statutes affected by
this proposal are Texas Occupations Code, Chapters 1101 and 1102. No other statute, code or article is affected by the
proposed new rules.
§535.227. Standards of Practice: General Provisions
(a) Definitions.
(1) Accessible – In the reasonable judgment of the inspector, capable of being approached, entered, or viewed
without:
(A) undue hazard to the inspector;
(B) moving furnishings or large, heavy, or fragile objects;
(C) using specialized tools or procedures;
(D) disassembling items other than covers or panels intended
to be removed for inspection;
(E) damaging property; or
(F) using a ladder for portions of the inspection
other than the roof or attic space
(2) Chapter 1102 – Texas Occupations Code, Chapter 1102
(3)
Cosmetic – Related only to appearance or aesthetics, and not related to structural performance, operability, or water
penetration
(4) Deficiency – A condition that, in the inspector’s reasonable opinion, adversely and
materially affects the performance of a system or component or constitutes a hazard to life, limb, or property as specified
by these standards of practice. General deficiencies include but are not limited to inoperability, material distress,
water penetration, damage, deterioration, missing parts, and unsuitable installation
(5) Deficient – Reported
as having one or more deficiencies
(6) Inspect – To look at and examine accessible items, parts, systems,
or components and report observed deficiencies
(7) Performance – Achievement of an operation, function, or
configuration consistent with accepted industry practice
(8) Report – To provide the inspector's opinions
and findings on the standard inspection report form
(9) Specialized tools – Tools such as thermal imaging
equipment, moisture meters, gas leak detection equipment, environmental testing equipment and devices, elevation determination
devices, and ladders capable of reaching surfaces over one story above ground surfaces
(10) Specialized procedures
– Procedures such as environmental testing, elevation measurement, and any method employing destructive testing that
damages otherwise sound materials or finishes
(11) Standards of practice – §§535.227-535.233 of
this title
(b) Scope.
(1) These standards of practice define the minimum levels of inspection required
for substantially completed residential improvements to real property up to four dwelling units. A real estate inspection
is a limited visual survey and basic operation of the systems and components of a building using normal controls and
does not require the use of specialized tools or procedures. The purpose of the inspection is to provide the client with information
regarding the general condition of the residence at the time of inspection. The inspector may provide a higher level
of inspection performance than required by these standards of practice and may inspect parts, components, and systems in addition
to those described by the standards of practice.
(2) General Requirements. The inspector shall:
(A)
operate fixed or installed equipment and appliances listed herein in at least one mode with ordinary controls at typical settings;
(B) visually inspect accessible systems or components from near proximity to the systems and components, and from
the interior of the attic and crawl spaces; and
(C) complete the standard inspection report form as required
by §§535.222 and 535.223 of this title.
(3) General limitations. The inspector is not required to:
(A) inspect:
(i) items other than those listed herein;
(ii) elevators;
(iii) detached
structures, decks, docks, fences, or waterfront structures or equipment;
(iv) anything buried, hidden, latent,
or concealed; or
(v) automated or programmable control systems, automatic shut-off, photoelectric sensors, timers,
clocks, metering devices, signal lights, lightning arrestor system, remote controls, security or data distribution systems,
or solar panels;
(B) report:
(i) past repairs that appear to be effective and workmanlike;
(ii) cosmetic or aesthetic conditions; or
(iii) wear and tear from ordinary use;
(C) determine:
(i) insurability, warrantability, suitability, adequacy, capacity, reliability, marketability, operating costs, recalls,
counterfeit products, life expectancy, age, energy efficiency, vapor barriers, thermostatic operation, code compliance, utility
sources, or manufacturer or regulatory requirements except as specifically required by these standards;
(ii)
the presence or absence of pests, termites, or other wood-destroying insects or organisms;
(iii) the presence,
absence, or risk of asbestos, lead-based paint, mold, mildew, or any other environmental hazard, environmental pathogen,
carcinogen, toxin, mycotoxin, pollutant, fungal presence or activity, or poison; or
(iv) types of wood or preservative
treatment and fastener compatibility;
(D) anticipate future events or conditions, including but not limited to:
(i) decay, deterioration, or damage that may occur after the inspection;
(ii) deficiencies from abuse,
misuse or lack of use,
(iii) changes in performance of any part, component, or system due to changes in use or
occupancy;
(iv) the consequences of the inspection or its effects on current or future buyers and sellers;
(v) common household accidents, personal injury, or death;
(vi) the presence of water penetration(s); or
(vii) future performance of any item;
(E) operate shut-off, safety, stop, pressure, or pressure-regulating valves
or items requiring the use of codes, keys, combinations, or similar devices;
(F) designate conditions as
safe;
(G) recommend or provide engineering, architectural, appraisal, mitigation, physical surveying, realty, or
other specialist services;
(H) review historical records, installation instructions, repair plans, cost estimates,
disclosure documents, or other reports;
(I) verify sizing, efficiency, or adequacy of the ground surface drainage
system;
(J) operate recirculation or sump pumps;
(K) remedy conditions preventing inspection of any
item;
(L) apply open flame to operate any appliance;
(M) turn on decommissioned equipment, systems,
or utility services; or
(N) provide repair cost estimates, recommendations, or re-inspection services.
(4) In the event of a conflict between specific provisions and general provisions in the standards of practice, specific
provisions shall take precedence.
(5) Departure.
(A) An inspector may depart from the standards
of practice only if the requirements of subparagraph (B) are met, and:
(i) the inspector and client agree the item
is not to be inspected;
(ii) the inspector is not qualified to inspect the item;
(iii) conditions beyond
the control of the inspector reasonably prevent inspection of an item;
(iv) the item is a common element of a multi-family
development and is not in physical contact with the unit being inspected, such as the foundation under another building or
a part of the foundation under another unit in the same building;
(v) the inspector reasonably determines that
conditions or materials are hazardous to the health or safety of the inspector; or
(vi) the inspector reasonably
determines that actions of the inspector may cause damage to the property.
(B) If a part, component, or system
required for inspection is not inspected, the inspector shall:
(i) advise the client at the earliest practical
opportunity that the part, component, or system will not be inspected; and
(ii) make an appropriate notation on
the inspection report form, clearly stating the reason the part, component, or system was not inspected.
(C)
If the inspector routinely departs from inspection of a part, system, or component, the earliest practical opportunity for
the notice required by this subsection is the first contact with the prospect and the inspector has reason to believe that
the property being inspected has the part, system, or component the inspector routinely does not inspect.
(c)
Enforcement. Failure to comply with the standards of practice is grounds for disciplinary action as prescribed by Chapter
1102.
§535.228. Standards of Practice: Minimum Inspection Requirements for Structural Systems
(a)
Foundations. The inspector shall:
(1) inspect slab surfaces, foundation framing components, subflooring, and related
structural components;
(2) report:
(A) the type of foundation(s); and
(B) the vantage point
from which the crawl space was inspected; and
(3) generally report present and visible indications used to render
the opinion of adverse performance, such as:
(A) open or offset concrete cracks;
(B) binding, out-of-square,
non-latching, warped, or twisted doors or frames;
(C) framing or frieze board separations;
(D) out-of-square
wall openings or separations at wall openings or between the cladding and window/door frames;
(E) sloping floors,
countertops, cabinet doors, or window/door casings;
(F) wall, floor, or ceiling cracks;
(G) rotating,
buckling, cracking, or deflecting masonry cladding;
(H) separation of walls from ceilings or floors; and
(I) soil erosion, subsidence or shrinkage adjacent to the foundation and differential movement of abutting flatwork such
as walkways, driveways, and patios;
(4) report as Deficient:
(A) exposed or damaged reinforcement;
(B) a crawl space that does not appear to be adequately ventilated;
(C) crawl space drainage that does
not appear to be adequate;
(D) deteriorated materials;
(E) damaged beams, joists, bridging, blocking,
piers, posts, pilings, or subfloor;
(F) non-supporting piers, posts, pilings, columns, beams, sills, or joists;
and
(G) damaged retaining walls related to foundation performance; and
(5) render a written opinion
as to the performance of the foundation.
(b) Specific limitations for foundations. The inspector is not required
to:
(1) enter a crawlspace or any area where headroom is less than 18 inches or the access opening is less than
24 inches wide and 18 inches high;
(2) provide an exhaustive list of indicators of possible adverse performance;
or
(3) inspect retaining walls not related to foundation performance.
(c) Grading and drainage. The
inspector shall report as Deficient:
(1) improper or inadequate grading around the foundation (including flatwork);
(2) erosion;
(3) water ponding; and
(4) deficiencies in installed gutter and downspout systems.
(d) Specific limitations for grading and drainage. The inspector is not required to:
(1) inspect flatwork
or detention/retention ponds (except as related to slope and drainage);
(2) determine area hydrology or the presence
of underground water; or
(3) determine the efficiency or operation of underground or surface drainage systems.
(e) Roof covering materials. The inspector shall:
(1) inspect the roof covering materials from the surface
of the roof;
(2) report:
(A) type of roof covering(s);
(B) vantage point from where the roof
was inspected
(C) any levels or surfaces that were not accessed;
(D) evidence of previous repairs to
roof covering materials, flashing details, skylights, and other roof penetrations; and
(E) evidence of water penetration;
and
(3) report as Deficient:
(A) a roof covering that is not appropriate for the slope of the roof;
(B) deficiencies in:
(i) fastening of roof covering material, as determined by a random sampling;
(ii) roof covering materials;
(iii) flashing details;
(iv) skylights; and
(v) other roof
penetrations.
(f) Specific limitations for roof covering. The inspector is not required to:
(1) determine
the remaining life expectancy of the roof covering;
(2) inspect the roof from the roof level if, in the inspector’s
reasonable judgment, the inspector cannot safely reach or stay on the roof or significant damage to the roof covering materials
may result from walking on the roof;
(3) determine the number of layers of roof covering material;
(4)
identify latent hail damage; or
(5) provide an exhaustive list of locations of water penetrations or previous repairs.
(g) Roof structure and attic. The inspector shall:
(1) report:
(A) the vantage point from which
the attic space was inspected;
(B) the presence of and approximate average depth of attic insulation and thickness
of vertical insulation, when visible; and
(C) evidence of water penetration; and
(2) report as Deficient:
(A) attic space that does not appear to be adequately ventilated;
(B) deficiencies in installed framing
members and decking;
(C) deflections or depressions in the roof surface as related to the adverse performance of
the framing and the roof deck;
(D) missing insulation;
(E) deficiencies in attic access ladder and access
opening; and
(F) deficiencies in attic ventilators.
(h) Specific limitations for roof structure and
attic. The inspector is not required to:
(1) enter attics or unfinished spaces where openings are less than 22
inches by 30 inches or headroom is less than 30 inches;
(2) operate powered ventilators; or
(3) provide
an exhaustive list of locations of water penetrations.
(i) Interior walls, ceilings, floors, and doors. The inspector
shall:
(1) report evidence of water penetration; and
(2) report as Deficient:
(A) doors and
hardware that do not operate properly;
(B) deficiencies related to structural performance or water penetration;
and
(C) lack of fire separation between the garage and the residence and its attic space.
(j) Specific
limitation for interior walls, doors, ceilings, and floors. The inspector is not required to:
(1) report cosmetic
damage or the condition of floor, wall, or ceiling coverings; paints, stains, or other surface coatings; cabinets; or countertops, or
(2) provide an exhaustive list of locations of water penetrations.
(k) Exterior walls,
doors, and windows. The inspector shall:
(1) report evidence of water penetration; and
(2) report as
Deficient:
(A) the lack of functional emergency escape and rescue openings in all sleeping rooms;
(B)
the lack of a solid wood door not less than 1-3/8 inches in thickness, a solid or honeycomb core steel door not less than
1-3/8 inches thick, or a 20-minute fire-rated door between the residence and an attached garage;
(C) missing or
damaged screens;
(D) deficiencies related to structural performance or water penetration; and
(E) deficiencies
in:
(i) claddings;
(ii) water resistant materials and coatings;
(iii) flashing details and
terminations;
(iv) the condition and operation of exterior doors, garage doors, and hardware; and
(v)
window operation and components.
(l) Specific limitations for exterior walls, doors, and windows. The inspector
is not required to:
(1) report the condition or presence of awnings, shutters, security devices, or systems;
(2) determine the cosmetic condition of paints, stains, or other surface coatings; or
(3) operate a lock
if the key is not available.
(m) Exterior and interior glazing. The inspector shall:
(1) inspect the
window and door glazing; and
(2) report as Deficient:
(A) insulated windows that are obviously fogged
or display other evidence of broken seals;
(B) deficiencies in glazing, weather stripping, and glazing compound
in windows and exterior doors; and
(C) the absence of safety glass in hazardous locations.
(n) Specific
limitation for exterior and interior glazing. The inspector is not required to:
(1) exhaustively observe insulated
windows for evidence of broken seals;
(2) exhaustively observe glazing for identifying labels; or
(3)
identify specific locations of damage.
(o) Interior and exterior stairways. The inspector shall report as Deficient:
(1) spacing between intermediate balusters, spindles, or rails for steps, stairways, guards, and railings that permit
passage of an object greater than 4 inches in diameter, except that on the open side of the staircase treads, spheres less
than 4-3/8 inches in diameter may pass through the guard rail balusters or spindles; and
(2) deficiencies
in steps, stairways, landings, guardrails, and handrails.
(p) Specific limitation for stairways. The inspector
is not required to exhaustively measure every stairway component.
(q) Fireplace and chimney. The inspector shall
report as Deficient:
(1) built-up creosote in visible areas of the firebox and flue;
(2) the presence
of combustible materials in near proximity to the firebox opening;
(3) the absence of fireblocking at the attic
penetration of the chimney flue, where accessible;
(4) an inoperative circulating fan; and
(5) deficiencies
in the:
(A) damper;
(B) lintel, hearth, hearth extension, and firebox;
(C) gas log lighter
valve and location;
(D) combustion air vents; and
(E) chimney structure, termination, coping, crown,
caps, and spark arrestor.
(r) Specific limitations for fireplace and chimney. The inspector is not required to:
(1) verify the integrity of the flue;
(2) perform a chimney smoke test; or
(3) determine the
adequacy of the draft.
(s) Porches, Balconies, Decks, and Carports. The inspector shall:
(1) inspect
balconies, attached carports, and attached porches and abutting porches, decks, and balconies that are used for ingress and
egress; and
(2) report as Deficient:
(A) on decks 30 inches or higher above the adjacent grade,
spacings between intermediate balusters, spindles, or rails that permit
assage of an object greater
than four inches in diameter;
(B) deficiencies in visible footings, piers, posts, pilings, beams, joists, decking,
water proofing at interfaces, flashing, surface coverings, and attachment points of porches, decks, balconies, and carports;
and
(C) deficiencies in, or absence of required, guardrails and handrails.
(t) Specific limitation for
porches, balconies, decks, and carports. The inspector is not required to:
(1) exhaustively measure the porch,
balcony, deck, or attached carport components; or
(2) enter any area where headroom is less than 18 inches or the
access opening is less than 24 inches wide and 18 inches high.
§535.229. Standards of Practice: Minimum Inspection
Requirements for Electrical Systems
(a) Service entrance and panels. The inspector shall report as Deficient:
(1) a drop, weatherhead, or mast that is not securely fastened to the structure;
(2) the lack of a grounding
electrode system;
(3) the lack of a grounding electrode conductor;
(4) the lack of a secure connection
to the grounding electrode system;
(5) deficiencies in the insulation of the service entrance conductors, drip
loop, separation of conductors at weatherheads, and clearances;
(6) electrical cabinets, gutters, meter cans, and
panel boards that:
(A) are not secured to the structure;
(B) are not appropriate for their location;
(C) have deficiencies in clearances and accessibility;
(D) are missing knockouts; or
(E) are
not bonded and grounded;
(7) cabinets, disconnects, cutout boxes, and panel boards that do not have dead fronts
secured in place with proper fasteners;
(8) conductors not protected from the edges of electrical cabinets, gutters,
or cutout boxes;
(9) trip ties not installed on 240 volt circuits;
(10) deficiencies in the type and
condition of the wiring in the cutout boxes, cabinets, or gutters;
(11) deficiencies in the compatibility of overcurrent
devices and conductors;
(12) deficiencies in the overcurrent device and circuit for labeled and listed 240 volt
appliances;
(13) a panel that is installed in a hazardous location, such as a clothes closet, a bathroom, where
there are corrosive or easily ignitable materials, or where the panel is exposed to physical damage;
(14) the absence
of appropriate connections, such as copper/aluminum-approved devices;
(15) the absence of anti-oxidants on aluminum
conductor terminations;
(16) the lack of a main disconnecting means;
(17) the lack of arc-fault circuit
interrupting devices serving family rooms, dining rooms, living rooms, parlors, libraries, dens, bedrooms, sunrooms, recreations
rooms, closets, hallways, or similar rooms or areas; and
(18) failure of operation of installed arc-fault circuit
interrupter devices.
(b) Specific limitations for service entrance and panels. The inspector is not required to:
(1) determine present or future sufficiency of service capacity amperage, voltage, or the capacity of the electrical
system;
(2) test arc-fault circuit interrupter devices when the property is occupied or damage to personal property
may result, in the inspector’s reasonable judgment;
(3) report the lack of arc-fault circuit interrupter
protection when the circuits are in conduit;
(4) conduct voltage drop calculations;
(5) determine the
accuracy of overcurrent device labeling;
(6) remove covers where hazardous as judged by the inspector;
(7) verify the effectiveness of overcurrent devices; or
(8) operate overcurrent devices.
(c) Branch
circuits, connected devices, and fixtures. The inspector shall:
(1) report the type of branch circuit conductors;
(2) manually test the accessible smoke alarms by use of the manufacturer’s approved test or by the use of canned
smoke; and
(3) report as Deficient:
(A) the lack of ground-fault circuit interrupter protection in all:
(i) bathroom receptacles;
(ii) garage receptacles;
(iii) outdoor receptacles;
(iv)
crawl space receptacles;
(v) unfinished basement receptacles;
(vi) kitchen countertop receptacles; and
(vii) laundry, utility, and wet bar sink receptacles located within 6 feet of the outside edge of a laundry, utility,
or wet bar sink; and
(B) the failure of operation of ground-fault circuit interrupter protection devices;
(C) receptacles that:
(i) are damaged;
(ii) are inoperative;
(iii) have incorrect polarity;
(iv) are not grounded, if applicable;
(v) display evidence of arcing or excessive heat;
(vi)
are not securely mounted; or
(vii) have missing or damaged covers;
(D) switches that:
(i)
are damaged;
(ii) are inoperative;
(iii) display evidence of arcing or excessive heat;
(iv)
are not securely mounted; or
(v) have missing or damaged covers;
(E) deficiencies in or absences of
conduit, where applicable;
(F) appliances and metal pipes that are not bonded or grounded;
(G) deficiencies
in wiring, wiring terminations, junctions, junction boxes, devices, and fixtures, including improper location;
(H)
the lack of equipment disconnects;
(I) the absence of appropriate connections, such as copper/aluminum approved
devices, if branch circuit aluminum conductors are discovered in the main or sub-panel based on a random sampling of accessible
receptacles and switches;
(J) improper use of extension cords;
(K) deficiencies in smoke alarms that
are not connected to a central alarm system; and
(L) the lack of smoke alarms:
(i) in each sleeping
room;
(ii) outside each separate sleeping area in the immediate vicinity of the sleeping rooms; and
(iii)
on each additional story of the dwelling, including basements but excluding crawl spaces and uninhabitable attics (in dwellings
with split levels and without an intervening door between the levels, a smoke alarm installed on the upper level and the adjacent
lower level shall suffice provided that the lower level is less than one full story below the upper level).
(d) Specific limitations for branch circuits, connected devices, and fixtures. The inspector is not required to:
(1) inspect low voltage wiring;
(2) disassemble mechanical appliances;
(3) verify the effectiveness
of smoke alarms;
(4) verify interconnectivity of smoke alarms
(5) activate smoke alarms that are being
actively monitored or require the use of codes; or
(6) verify that smoke alarms are suitable for the hearing-impaired.
§535.230. Standards of Practice: Minimum Inspection Requirements for Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning
Systems
(a) Heating equipment. The inspector shall:
(1) report:
(A) the type of heating system(s);
and
(B) the energy source(s);
(2) report as Deficient:
(A) an inoperative unit;
(B) deficiencies in the controls and operating components of the system;
(C) the lack of protection from physical
damage;
(D) burners, burner ignition devices or heating elements, switches, and thermostats that are not a minimum
of 18 inches above the lowest garage floor elevation, unless the unit is listed for garage floor installation;
(E)
inappropriate location;
(F) inadequate access and clearances;
(G) deficiencies in mounting and operation
of window units; and
(H) deficiencies in thermostats;
(3) in electric units, report as Deficient deficiencies
in:
(A) operation of heating elements; and
(B) condition of conductors; and
(4) in gas units,
report as Deficient:
(A) gas leaks;
(B) the presence of forced air in the burner compartment;
(C) flame impingement, uplifting flame, improper flame color, or excessive scale buildup;
(D) the lack of a gas
shut-off valve; and
(E) deficiencies in:
(i) conditioned, combustion, and dilution air;
(ii)
gas shut-off valves and locations;
(iii) gas connector materials and connections; and
(iv) the vent
pipe, draft hood, draft, proximity to combustibles, and vent termination point and clearances.
(b) Cooling equipment
other than evaporative coolers. The inspector shall:
(1) report the type of system(s); and
(2) report
as Deficient:
(A) inoperative unit(s);
(B) inadequate cooling as demonstrated by its performance in
the reasonable judgment of the inspector;
(C) inadequate access and clearances;
(D) noticeable vibration
of the blower fan or condensing fan;
(E) deficiencies in the condensate drain and auxiliary/secondary pan and drain
system;
(F) water in the auxiliary/secondary drain pan;
(G) a primary drain pipe that terminates in
a sewer vent;
(H) missing or deficient refrigerant pipe insulation;
(I) dirty evaporator or condensing
coils, where accessible;
(J) damaged casings on the coils;
(K) a condensing unit lacking adequate clearances
or air circulation or that has deficiencies in the condition of fins, location, levelness, or elevation above ground surfaces;
(L) deficiencies in mounting and operation of window or wall units; and
(M) deficiencies in thermostats.
(c) Evaporative coolers. The inspector shall:
(1) report:
(A) type of system(s) (one- or two-speed);
(B) the type of water supply line; and
(C) winterized units that are drained and shut down; and
(2) report as Deficient:
(A) inoperative units;
(B) inadequate access and clearances;
(C)
corrosive and mineral build-up or rust damage/decay at the pump, louvered panels, water trays, exterior housing, or the roof
frame;
(D) less than a one-inch air gap between the water discharge at the float and water level in the reservoir;
(E) corrosion, decay, or rust on the pulleys of the motor or blower;
(F) the lack of a damper; and
(G) deficiencies in the:
(i) function of the pump;
(ii) interior housing, the spider tubes, tube clips,
bleeder system;
(iii) blower and bearings;
(iv) float bracket;
(v) fan belt;
(vi)
evaporative pad(s);
(vii) installation and condition of the legs on the roof rails and fasteners to the roof structure
and the unit;
(viii) roof jack; and
(ix) thermostats.
(d) Duct system, chases, and vents.
The inspector shall report as Deficient:
(1) damaged ducting or insulation, improper material, or improper routing
of ducts;
(2) the absence of air flow at accessible supply registers in the habitable areas of the structure;
(3) improper or inadequate clearance from the earth; and
(4) deficiencies in:
(A) duct fans;
(B) filters;
(C) grills or registers;
(D) the location of return air openings; and
(E) gas piping, sewer vents, electrical wiring, or junction boxes in the duct system, plenum(s), and chase(s).
(e) Specific limitations for the heating equipment, cooling equipment, duct system, chases, and vents. The inspector is
not required to:
(1) program digital thermostats or controls;
(2) inspect:
(A) for pressure
of the system refrigerant, type of refrigerant, or refrigerant leaks;
(B) winterized evaporative coolers; or
(C) humidifiers, dehumidifiers, air purifiers, motorized dampers, electronic air filters, multi-stage controllers,
sequencers, heat reclaimers, wood burning stoves, boilers, oil-fired units, supplemental heating appliances, de-icing provisions,
or reversing valves;
(3) operate:
(A) setback features on thermostats or controls;
(B) cooling
equipment when the outdoor temperature is less than 60 degrees Fahrenheit;
(C) radiant heaters, steam heat systems,
or unvented gas-fired heating appliances; or
(D) heat pumps when temperatures may damage equipment;
(4)
verify:
(A) compatibility of components;
(B) the accuracy of thermostats; or
(C) the integrity
of the heat exchanger; or
(5) determine:
(A) sizing, efficiency, or adequacy of the system;
(B) uniformity of the supply of conditioned air to the various parts of the structure; or
(C) types of materials
contained in insulation.
§535.231. Standards of Practice: Minimum Inspection Requirements for Plumbing Systems
(a) Plumbing systems. The inspector shall:
(1) report:
(A) static water pressure;
(B)
location of water meter; and
(C) location of main water supply valve; and
(2) report as Deficient:
(A) the presence of active leaks;
(B) the lack of fixture shut-off valves;
(C) the lack of dielectric
unions, when applicable;
(D) the lack of back-flow devices, anti-siphon devices, or air gaps at the flow end of
fixtures;
(E) water pressure below 40 psi or above 80 psi static;
(F) the lack of a pressure reducing
valve when the water pressure exceeds 80 PSI;
(G) the lack of an expansion tank at the water heater(s) when a pressure
reducing valve is in place at the water supply line/system; and
(H) deficiencies in:
(i) water supply
pipes and waste pipes;
(ii) the installation and termination of the vent system;
(iii) the operation
of fixtures and faucets not connected to an appliance;
(iv) water supply, as determined by viewing functional flow
in two fixtures operated simultaneously;
(v) functional drainage at fixtures;
(vi) orientation of hot
and cold faucets;
(vii) installed mechanical drain stops;
(viii) installation, condition, and operation
of commodes;
(ix) fixtures, showers, tubs, and enclosures; and
(x) the condition of the gas distribution
system.
(b) Specific limitations for plumbing systems. The inspector is not required to:
(1) operate
any main, branch, or shut-off valves;
(2) operate or inspect sump pumps or waste ejector pumps;
(3)
inspect:
(A) any system that has been winterized, shut down or otherwise secured;
(B) circulating pumps,
free-standing appliances, solar water heating systems, water-conditioning equipment, filter systems, water mains, private
water supply systems, water wells, pressure tanks, sprinkler systems, swimming pools, or fire sprinkler systems;
(C) the inaccessible gas supply system for leaks;
(D) for sewer clean-outs; or
(E) for the presence
or operation of private sewage disposal systems;
(4) determine:
(A) quality, potability, or volume of
the water supply; or
(B) effectiveness of backflow or anti-siphon devices; or
(5) verify the functionality
of clothes washing drains or floor drains.
(c) Water heaters. The inspector shall:
(1) report the energy
source;
(2) report the capacity of the unit(s);
(3) report as Deficient:
(A) inoperative
unit(s);
(B) leaking or corroded fittings or tank(s);
(C) broken or missing parts or controls;
(D) the lack of a cold water shut-off valve;
(E) if applicable, the lack of a pan and drain system and the improper
termination of the pan drain line;
(F) an unsafe location;
(G) burners, burner ignition devices or heating
elements, switches, or thermostats that are not a minimum of 18 inches above the lowest garage floor elevation, unless the
unit is listed for garage floor installation;
(H) inappropriate location;
(I) inadequate access and
clearances;
(J) the lack of protection from physical damage;
(K) a temperature and pressure relief valve
that:
(i) does not operate manually;
(ii) leaks;
(iii) is damaged;
(iv) cannot
be tested due to obstructions;
(v) is corroded; or
(vi) is improperly located; and
(L) temperature
and pressure relief valve discharge piping that:
(i) lacks gravity drainage;
(ii) is improperly sized;
(iii) has inadequate material; or
(iv) lacks proper termination;
(3) in electric units, report
as Deficient deficiencies in:
(A) operation of heating elements; and
(B) condition of conductors; and
(4) in gas units, report as Deficient:
(A) gas leaks;
(B) lack of burner shield(s);
(C) flame impingement, uplifting flame, improper flame color, or excessive scale build-up;
(D) the lack of a
gas shut-off valve; and
(E) deficiencies in:
(i) combustion and dilution air;
(ii) gas shut-off
valve(s) and location(s);
(iii) gas connector materials and connections; and
(iv) vent pipe, draft hood,
draft, proximity to combustibles, and vent termination point and clearances.
(d) Specific limitations for water
heaters. The inspector is not required to:
(1) verify the effectiveness of the temperature and pressure relief
valve, discharge piping, or pan drain pipes;
(2) operate the temperature and pressure relief valve if the operation
of the valve may, in the inspector’s reasonable judgment, cause damage to persons or property; or
(3) determine
the efficiency or adequacy of the unit.
(e) Hydro-massage therapy equipment. The inspector shall report as Deficient:
(1) inoperative unit(s) and controls;
(2) the presence of active leaks;
(3) inaccessible pump(s)
or motor(s);
(4) the lack or failure of required ground-fault circuit interrupter protection; and
(5)
deficiencies in the ports, valves, grates, and covers.
(f) Specific limitation for hydro-massage therapy equipment.
The inspector is not required to determine the adequacy of self-draining features of circulation systems.
§535.232.
Standards of Practice: Minimum Inspection Requirements for Appliances
(a) Dishwasher. The inspector shall report
as Deficient:
(1) inoperative unit(s);
(2) rust on the interior of the cabinet or components;
(3) failure to drain properly;
(4) the presence of active water leaks; and
(5) deficiencies in the:
(A) door gasket;
(B) control and control panels;
(C) dish racks;
(D) rollers;
(E) spray arms;
(F) operation of the soap dispenser;
(G) door springs;
(H) dryer
element;
(I) door latch and door disconnect;
(J) rinse cap;
(K) secure mounting of the unit;
and
(L) backflow prevention.
(b) Food waste disposer. The inspector shall report as Deficient:
(1) inoperative unit(s);
(2) unusual sounds or vibration level;
(3) the presence of active water leaks;
and
(4) deficiencies in the:
(A) splash guard;
(B) grinding components;
(C) exterior
casing; and
(D) secure mounting of the unit.
(c) Range exhaust vent. The inspector shall report as Deficient:
(1) inoperative unit(s);
(2) a vent pipe that does not terminate outside the structure, if the unit is
not of a re-circulating type or configuration;
(3) inadequate vent pipe material;
(4) unusual sounds
or vibration levels from the blower fan(s);
(5) blower(s) that do not operate at all speeds; and
(6)
deficiencies in the:
(A) filter;
(B) vent pipe;
(C) light and lens;
(D) secure
mounting of the unit; and
(E) switches.
(d) Electric or gas ranges, cooktops, and ovens. The inspector
shall report as Deficient:
(1) inoperative unit(s);
(2) the lack of a gas shut-off valve;
(3)
gas leaks; and
(4) deficiencies in the:
(A) controls and control panels;
(B) thermostat(s)
sensor support;
(C) glass panels;
(D) door gasket(s), hinges, springs, closure, and handles;
(E) door latch;
(F) heating elements or burners;
(G) thermostat accuracy (within 25 degrees at a setting
of 350 °F);
(H) drip pans;
(I) lights and lenses;
(J) clearance to combustible material;
(K) anti-tip device;
(L) gas shut-off valve(s) and location(s);
(M) gas connector materials
and connections; and
(N) secure mounting of the unit.
(e) Microwave oven. The inspector shall:
(1) inspect built-in units; and
(2) report as Deficient:
(A) inoperative unit(s); and
(B)
deficiencies in the:
(i) controls and control panels;
(ii) handles;
(iii) the turn table;
(iv) interior surfaces;
(v) door and door seal;
(vi) glass panels;
(vii) lights and
lenses;
(viii) secure mounting of the unit; and
(ix) operation, as determined by heating a container
of water or with other means of testing.
(f) Trash compactor. The inspector shall report as Deficient:
(1) inoperative unit(s);
(2) unusual sounds or vibration levels; and
(3) deficiencies in the secure
mounting of the unit.
(g) Mechanical exhaust vents and bathroom heaters. The inspector shall report as Deficient:
(1) inoperative unit(s);
(2) unusual sounds, speed, and vibration levels;
(3) vent pipes that
do not terminate outside the structure;
(4) a gas heater that is not vented to the exterior of the structure; and
(5) the lack of an exhaust ventilator in required areas.
(h) Garage door operators. The inspector shall
report as Deficient:
(1) inoperative unit(s);
(2) door locks or side ropes that have not been removed
or disabled; and
(3) deficiencies in:
(A) installation;
(B) condition and operation of the
garage door operator;
(C) automatic reversal during the closing cycle;
(D) electronic sensors;
(E) the control button; and
(F) the emergency release components.
(i) Doorbell and chimes. The inspector
shall report as Deficient:
(1) inoperable unit(s); and
(2) deficiencies in components.
(j)
Dryer vents. The inspector shall report as Deficient:
(1) improper routing and length of vent pipe;
(2)
inadequate vent pipe material;
(3) improper termination;
(4) the lack of a dryer vent system when provisions
are present for a dryer; and
(5) damaged or missing exterior cover.
(k) Specific limitations for appliances.
The inspector is not required to:
(1) operate or determine the condition of other auxiliary components of inspected
items;
(2) test for microwave oven radiation leaks;
(3) inspect self-cleaning functions;
(4)
test trash compactor ram pressure; or
(5) determine the adequacy of venting systems.
§535.233.
Standards of Practice: Minimum Inspection Requirements for Optional Systems. If an inspector agrees to inspect a component
described in this section, §535.227 of this title relating to Standards of Practice: General Provisions and the applicable
provisions below apply.
(1) Lawn and garden sprinkler systems. The inspector shall:
(A) manually
operate all zones or stations on the system; and
(B) report as Deficient:
(i) surface water leaks;
(ii) the absence or improper installation of anti-siphon devices and backflow preventers;
(iii) the absence
of shut-off valves;
(iv) deficiencies in water flow or pressure at the zone heads;
(v) the lack of a
rain or freeze sensor;
(vi) deficiencies in the condition of the control box; and
(vii) deficiencies
in the operation of each zone, associated valves, and spray head patterns.
(2) Specific limitations for lawn and
garden sprinkler systems. The inspector is not required to inspect:
(A) for effective coverage of the sprinkler
system;
(B) the automatic function of the timer or control box;
(C) the effectiveness of the rain or
freeze sensor; or
(D) sizing and effectiveness of anti-siphon devices or backflow preventers.
(3) Swimming
pools, spas, hot tubs, and equipment. The inspector shall:
(A) report the type of construction;
(B)
report as Deficient:
(i) a pump motor, blower, or other electrical equipment that lacks bonding;
(ii)
the absence of or deficiencies in safety barriers;
(iii) water leaks in above-ground pipes and equipment;
(iv) deficiencies in lighting fixture(s);
(v) the lack or failure of required ground-fault circuit interrupter
protection; and
(vi) deficiencies in:
(I) surfaces;
(II) tiles, coping, and decks;
(III) slides, steps, diving boards, handrails, and other equipment;
(IV) drains, skimmers, and valves; and
(V) filters, gauges, pumps, motors, controls, and sweeps; and
(C) when inspecting a pool heater, report
deficiencies that these standards of practice require to be reported for the heating system.
(4) Specific limitations
for swimming pools, spas, hot tubs, and equipment. The inspector is not required to:
(A) dismantle or otherwise
open any components or lines;
(B) operate valves;
(C) uncover or excavate any lines or concealed components
of the system or determine the presence of sub-surface leaks;
(D) fill the pool, spa, or hot tub with water;
(E) inspect any system that has been winterized, shut down, or otherwise secured;
(F) determine the presence
of sub-surface water tables; or
(G) inspect ancillary equipment such as computer controls, covers, chlorinators
or other chemical dispensers, or water ionization devices or conditioners other than required by this section.
(5)
Outbuildings. The inspector shall report as Deficient:
(A) the lack of ground-fault circuit interrupter protection
in grade-level portions of unfinished accessory buildings used for storage or work areas, boathouses, and boat hoists;
and
(B) deficiencies in the structural, electrical, plumbing, heating, ventilation, and cooling systems that these
standards of practice require to be reported for the principal structure.
(6) Outdoor cooking equipment. The inspector
shall:
(A) inspect the built-in equipment; and
(B) report the energy source; and
(C) report
as Deficient:
(i) inoperative unit(s);
(ii) a unit or pedestal that is not stable;
(iii)
gas leaks; and
(iv) deficiencies in:
(I) operation;
(II) control knobs, handles, burner bars,
grills, the box, the rotisserie (if present), and heat diffusion material;
(III) gas shut-off valve(s) and location(s);
and
(IV) gas connector materials and connections.
(7) Gas supply systems. The inspector shall:
(A) test gas lines using a local or an industry-accepted procedure; and
(B) report as Deficient:
(i)
leaks; and
(ii) deficiencies in the condition and type of gas piping, fittings, and valves.
(8) Specific
limitation for gas lines. The inspector is not required to inspect sacrificial anode bonding or for its existence.
(9) Private water wells. The inspector shall:
(A) operate at least two fixtures simultaneously;
(B)
recommend or arrange to have performed water quality or potability testing;
(C) report:
(i) the type
of pump and storage equipment; and
(ii) the proximity of any known septic system; and
(D) report as
Deficient deficiencies in:
(i) water pressure and flow and operation of pressure switches;
(ii) the
condition of visible and accessible equipment and components; and
(iii) the well head, including improper site
drainage and clearances.
(10) Specific limitations for private water wells. The inspector is not required to:
(A) open, uncover, or remove the pump, heads, screens, lines, or other components or parts of the system;
(B) determine the reliability of the water supply or source; or
(C) locate or verify underground water leaks.
(11) Private sewage disposal (septic) systems. The inspector shall:
(A) report:
(i) the type
of system;
(ii) the location of the drain field; and
(iii) the proximity of any known water wells, underground
cisterns, water supply lines, bodies of water, sharp slopes or breaks, easement lines, property lines, soil absorption systems,
swimming pools, or sprinkler systems; and
(B) report as Deficient:
(i) visual or olfactory evidence
of effluent seepage or flow at the surface of the ground;
(ii) inoperative aerators or dosing pumps; and
(iii) deficiencies in:
(I) accessible or visible components;
(II) functional flow;
(III)
site drainage and clearances around or adjacent to the system; and
(IV) the aerobic discharge system.
(12) Specific limitations for individual private sewage disposal (septic) systems. The inspector is not required to:
(A) excavate or uncover the system or its components;
(B) determine the size, adequacy, or efficiency of
the system; or
(C) determine the type of construction used.
(13) Whole-house vacuum system. The inspector
shall report as Deficient:
(A) inoperative units;
(B) deficiencies in the main unit; and
(C)
deficiencies in outlets.
(14) Specific limitations for whole-house vacuum systems. The inspector is not required
to:
(A) inspect the attachments or hoses; or
(B) verify that accessory components are present.
(15) Other built-in appliances. The inspector shall report deficiencies in condition or operation of other built-in appliances
not listed in this section.
This agency hereby certifies that the proposal has been reviewed by legal counsel and
found to be within the agency’s legal authority to adopt.
Issued in Austin, Texas, on August 18, 2008.
__________________________
Devon V. Bijansky
Assistant General Counsel
Texas Real
Estate Commission
Castle Home Inspection Services performing home inspection 7 days a week for your convenience.
Tammy Menelly
817-907-3035
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